NAR Library & Archives has already done the research for you. References (formerly Field Guides) offer links to articles, eBooks, websites, statistics, and more to provide a comprehensive overview of perspectives. EBSCO articles (E) are available only to NAR members and require a password.
Trails and Greenways: The Basics
Greenways and Multiuse Trails Create Paths for People (Land Trust Alliance, Jun. 4, 2024)
“Greenways used to be the realm of parks and rec departments or other municipal agencies. But nationwide, land trusts are becoming more and more involved in greenways and multiuse trails. And not just as amenities for the few, but as essential infrastructure for connecting communities.”
What are Greenways and Why are They Important? (CRSA)
“Often called a linear park, a greenway is a long linear system of public open space, established along either a natural corridor, such as a river, stream valley, or ridgeline, or overland along a railroad converted to recreational use as a scenic route. Greenways are usually planned for environmental protection, and they often provide opportunities for recreation and active transportation.”
Pros & Cons
Why Trails Matter: Trails and Greenways Promote Health (American Trails, Feb. 1, 2024)
“Trails and greenways create healthy recreation and transportation opportunities by providing people of all ages with attractive, safe, accessible and low- or no-cost places to cycle, walk, hike, jog or skate.”
Benefits of Trails (Rails to Trails Conservancy, 2024)
“The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a past sponsor of Celebrate Trails Day, reports that 25% of Americans are inactive and that increasing our physical activity is one of the best things we can do for our health. Findings from the Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends parks, trails and greenways as infrastructure interventions that increase physical activity. These improvements, however, need to be combined with community engagement to increase awareness, expand programs and enhance access.”
This 3,000-Mile Trail System is Benefitting Communities in 15 States (Bicycling, Apr. 11, 2023)
“The East Coast Greenway is a multi-use, car-free path that stretches 3,000 miles from Maine to Florida. The project was hatched in 1991, by a group of eight bicycle advocates. And now, more than 30 years later, the greenway is truly coming to fruition.
The goal for the trail system was always to link the states along the East Coast, going through all major cities, and connecting rural areas.“
Can Cities Combat “Green Gentrification”? (Bloomberg, Nov. 10, 2022)
“It’s an issue with deep roots in the US, where a history of redlining and segregation created wide gulfs in access to parks, recreational facilities and tree canopy coverage. Those amenities create value, and when added to existing neighborhoods, they tend to draw the attention of developers, who can market housing with a message focused on sustainability and wellness. Melissa Checker, an anthropologist at Queens College and the CUNY Graduate Center, coined the term “pernicious paradox” in 2011 to describe how neighborhoods are put in the position of saying no to a new amenity because of fears of displacement.”
Trails, Greenways, and Your Property Value
Parks, Trails, and Greenways for Physical Activity: A Community Guide Systematic Economic Review (American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2024)
The systematic economic review found that economic benefits exceed the cost for park, trail, and greenway infrastructure interventions. The research presented in this paper can help inform communities and decision makers about the economic merits of these infrastructure projects to improve public health.
Rail Trails and Housing Values: A Longitudinal Study (Tourism, Dec. 30, 2022)
“…it is clear that proximity to greenways, and in this case a rail trail, certainly influence home values in a positive manner at least for the recovery period following the recession.”
Impact on Property Values of Distance to Parks and Open Spaces: An Update Of U.S. Studies in the New Millenniumpdf (Journal of Leisure Research, Aug. 12, 2019)
“The results suggested a premium of 8%–10% on properties adjacent to a passive park is a reasonable point of departure, which is lower than suggested by previous guidelines. Four additional insights emerged: Percentage premiums were higher for (a) multifamily or small lots than for single-family homes or large lots and (b) for permanently protected lands than for developable lands; recognition was frequently lacking (c) the heterogeneity of open space and (d) differentials among submarkets. Six managerial conclusions and five guidelines for future research are offered.”
Landowners Affected by Proposed Bonita Estero Rail Trail Debate About Values to Home and Community (WGCU, Apr. 21, 2023)
“But Largent said the most difficult aspect of this case is that ownership rights are not the same for every property owner on the right-of-way. If the rail line obtained rights to the land through a deed, or permission from the landowner, the current property owner has a right to the soil under the tracks. Brinton contends that the property value will decrease after the rail trail is built, and some homeowners agree.“
The Impact of Trails and Greenways on Property Values (Parks & Recreation, Apr. 23, 2020)
“The emergence of much more advanced electronic technology in the late 1990s enabled these issues to be addressed by using more sophisticated research and statistical processes, and databases comprised of sales transactions. We identified 20 studies that investigated the impact of trails on residential property values. The results indicated that a small positive premium of between 3 percent and 5 percent was the most widespread outcome for a single-family home located next to a trail. However, there were outliers that suggested the premium might be as high as 15 percent in some cases, while in other contexts there may be a small negative impact.”
Multi-Use Trails And Greenways As Economic Development Engines (Economic Development Journal, Jan. 1, 2020) E
It is hard to quantify the economic effects of the outdoors, but a growing body of literature demonstrates “economic benefits through increased business spending and expenditures for capital projects and operations.” One of the things that make the economic element hard to measure is the cost of building trails, which can vary greatly.
Useful Websites
American Trails
Bicycling and Walking in the United States: Benchmarking Progress (The League of American Bicyclists, 2018)
East Coast Greenway
Rails to Trails
eBooks & Other Resources
City Parks (eBook)
Cycling for Sustainable Cities: Urban and Industrial Environments (eBook)
Parks & Recreation System Planning: A New Approach for Creating Sustainable, Resilient Communities (eBook)
Urban Forests (eBook)
Urban Design Made by Humans (eBook)
Willamette River Greenways (eBook)
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